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MODULE
Photosensor amplifier
C2719
Current-to-voltage conversion amplifier for amplifying weak photocurrent with low noise
C2719 is a current-to-voltage conversion amplifier used to amplify weak photocurrent from a photodiode with very low noise. Three ranges of photocurrent detection sensitivity level (H, M, L) are selectable to match the input signal. A 10-turn potentiometer is used to zero the amplifier level so fine adjustments are possible with high resolution. C2719 operates on the built-in dry batteries so it can be easily used anywhere. An external power input connector is also provided at the rear panel for a long, continuous operation or for use as part of a measurement system. In such applications, use the dedicated plug to connect to a stabilized DC power supply. C2719 was developed specifically for use with Si photodiodes, but it can be used to detect photocurrent from phototubes.
Features
Applications
l Three9sensitivity ranges
H: 10 V/A M: 107 V/A L : 105 V/A l Zero adjustment with high resolution l Operates on either dry batteries or external power supply l Compact and lightweight
l Precision photometry l Laser monitors l Optical power meters l Colorimeters l Low signal current preamplifiers
I General ratings (Ta=25 C)
Parameter Condition Min. 5 (10) Output voltage amplitude RL=2 kW Offset drift Offset temperature characteristic Input voltage Recommended input capacitance *1 Supply voltage External power supply 6 Battery lifetime 200 RL>10 kW Weight Including batteries Value in parentheses is measured when external power supply is used. *1: Batteries: 006 P (9 V) x 2 pieces
Typ. 9 420
Max. 0.1 25 100 2 x 10 15 -9
Unit V mV/hr V/C V F V V hr g
I Electrical and optical characteristics (Ta=25 C)
Parameter
Conversion impedance Input current range Frequency bandwidth Output noise *2 (all bandwidth) Equivalent noise -14 -12 -10 -14 2 x 10 2 x 10 2 x 10 2 x 10 input current *2: Measured with a 1.6 kHz lowpass filter added to the output of C2719.
Internal batteries (Vs=9 V) H M L 109 107 105 to 5 x 10-9 to 5 x 10-7 to 5x10-5 DC to 16 DC to 1600 DC to 1600 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.02 0.02 0.02
External power supply (Vs=15 V) H M L 109 107 105 to 10x10-9 to 10x10-7 to 10x10-5 DC to 16 DC to 1600 DC to 1600 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.02 0.02 0.02 2 x 10
-12
Unit V/A A Hz mVp-p mVrms A
2 x 10
-10
1
Photosensor amplifier
I Equivalent circuit Figure 1 Equivalent circuit (when photodiode cathode is grounded)

Cf2 Rf3 Rf2 Rf1 L M H
006P (9 V) x 2
C2719

Cf1 +Vs
PHOTOCURRENT SIGNAL i
LIGHT A K
330 A
Vout = -(i x Rf)
+Vs
PROTECTION CIRCUIT
+
ZERO ADJ -Vs
+
-Vs 0V
+
EXTERNAL POWER SUPPLY TERMINAL HR10-7R-4P (HIROSE)
(CASE)
KACCC0030EC KACCC0031EA
In the equivalent circuit diagram (Figure 1), the photocurrent signal i is connected to the input terminal of the negative feedback amplifier A. The input resistance of A is designed to be much larger than feedback resistance Rf, so all of i is flows through Rf. The result is that the output voltage of A is converted to -i x Rf (V), the reverse phase of i. Rf is switched to the High, Medium and Low ranges by the conversion impedance, with Medium being 1/100 of High and Low being 1/10000 of High. Feedback capacitance Cf is 10 pF (1 nF + 10 pF at Low range) to prevent the circuit from becoming unstable at high frequencies. In this case, the cut-off frequency is calculated as follows:
f=
1 (Hz) 2 Cf Rf
Figure 2 Output response waveform (S2281 + E2573)
(a) H range
At this frequency, the output voltage is 0.7 times that at the low frequency.
I Pulsed light measurement
G Output response waveform If the photodiode terminal capacitance is approximately 2 nF or more, ringing may appear in the output waveform of C2719 when pulsed light is detected, resulting in inaccurate measurements. In this case, use a photodiode with a smaller terminal capacitance, or add a reverse voltage to the photodiode to reduce the terminal capacitance. Figures 2 (a) and (b) show pulse response waveforms when used with S2281 photodiode which is designed to easily connect to C2719. The terminal capacitance of S2281 is 1.28 nF. G Frequency response Figure 3 shows the frequency response characteristics when used with S2281. As stated above, if the photodiode terminal capacitance is too large, a noticeable peak is formed in the frequency characteristics. This situation is shown in Figure 4. A frequency at which this kind of peak exists equals the reciprocal of the ringing cycle generated in the pulse response output waveform. G S/N As explained above, when the terminal capacitance of a photodiode is too large, peaking exists in the noise characteristics even when there is no light input, making it impossible to obtain an accurate S/N during light measurement. Figure 5 shows the frequency characteristics of the signal and noise when S2281 is used. Here, peaking cannot be observed.
LED drive pulse waveform (2 V/div.)
Output waveform (2 V/div.)
(b) L, M range
LED drive pulse waveform (2 V/div.)
Output waveform (2 V/div.)
2
Photosensor amplifier
Figure 3 Frequency response (S2281 + E2573)
1010
H RANGE
C2719
Figure 4 Gain peaking
TERMINAL CAPACITANCE: Ct=12 nF
108
M RANGE
107 106
L RANGE
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (10 dB/div.)
109
OUTPUT (V/A)
TERMINAL CAPACITANCE: Ct=1.2 nF
105 104 103 0 10
101
102
103
104
105
106
KACCB0031EA
102
103
104
105
FREQUENCY (Hz)
FREQUENCY (Hz)
KACCB0032EA
Figure 5 Frequency response of output signal and noise (S2281 + E2573)
[Light source: Directly modulated laser diode (DC biased)]
Figure 6 Schematic pursuit of gain peaking
106
NOISE GAIN, OPEN LOOP GAIN
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (10 dB/div.)
SIGNAL FREQUENCY RESPONSE
105 104 103 102 101 100 10-1
' 10-2 f1
REF -17.0 dBm ATT10 dB TG LEVEL -10.0 dBm RBW 100 Hz VBW 300 Hz
O PAM P O PE N LO O P G AI
NOISE FREQUENCY RESPONSE
N
f1
101 102
f2
103
f3
104 105 106 107 108
0
1
2
3
4
5
10-3 10-1 100
FREQUENCY (kHz)
KACCB0033EA
FREQUENCY (Hz)
KACCB0034EA
I Selecting photodiodes
As described previously, stable measurement may become impossible depending on the photodiode type. The diagrams are used here to explain how to select a correct photodiode which will not generate gain peaking when used with C2719. Figure 6 shows an example in which a photodiode with a terminal capacitance Ct of 1.28 nF and a shunt resistance*2 Rsh of 130 M (See note below). In the low-frequency range , the op-amp noise gain of C2719 is determined only by the ratio between Rsh and the feedback resistance Rf of C2719. Starting from frequency f1 at 1/Ct > Rsh, the frequency increase is accompanied by an increase in gain over the interval indicated by . Next, as the frequency increases from f2 at 1/Cf > Rf, the circuit noise gain is determined by the ratio of Ct to Cf, during the interval indicated by . Then, in the range covered by interval , the noise gain decreases, with a slope identical to that of the op-amp open loop gain starting from the point where it contacts frequency f3, which normally decreases at 6 dB/oct. At this point, if Ct is multiplied by 10, f1 moves to f1' and the setting of the noise gain rise at exceeds the curve of the op-amp open loop gain. This causes area to disappear. If this happens, C2719 can no longer maintain stable operation, and gain peaking appears. Consequently, it is necessary to make sure that area always exists. With C2719, Rf and Cf are determined by the sensitivity range. Thus, whether gain peaking occurs or not depends on the Ct value of the photodiode, so selecting the appropriate photodiode is essential. Figure 7 shows what happens to each of the sensitivity ranges of C2719 when used with S2281. *2: Shunt resistance Rsh=
10 mV ID (VR = 10 mV)
3
Photosensor amplifier
Figure 7 Example of ranges
106 105 PHOTODIODE: S2281
C2719
I Operation example Figure 8 Typical application using S2281 photodiode
PEN RECORDER
NOISE GAIN, OPEN LOOP GAIN
104 103 102 101 H RANGE 100 10-1 M RANGE 10-2
KACCC0032EB
LIGHT C2719 COAXIAL CABLE E2573 S2281 * * The output of C2719 is positive going because the anode of S2281 is grounded. A/D CONVERTER , etc. VOLTMETER
10-3 L RANGE 10-4 10-1 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109
Figure 9 Typical application using an ordinary photodiode
FREQUENCY (Hz)
KACCB0035EA
PHOTODIODE * LIGHT COAXIAL CABLE E2573 DARK BOX * The output of C2719 is negative going when the photodiode cathode is grounded, and is positive going when the anode is grounded.
KACCC0033EB
C2719
VOLTMETER , etc.
Figure 10 Typical application using a phototube
K LIGHT PHOTOTUBE COAXIAL CABLE E2573 DARK BOX
KACCC0034EA
C2719
VOLTMETER , etc.
A
Figure 11 Dimensional outline (unit: mm)

INPUT BNC-R OUTPUT BNC-R EXTERNAL POWER SUPPLY
I Accessories
Plug for external power supply input HR10-7P-4S (HIROSE) Lead : AWG#24 (length: approx. 500 mm) Color: red (+Vs), blue (-Vs), black (GND)
I Option
E2573 BNC-BNC coaxial cable (coaxial cable: 1.5D-2V, cable length: 1 m)
90
PILOT LAMP POWER SUPPLY SWITCH ZERO ADJUSTMENT CONTROL
Rf CHANGE SWITCH

114
39
KACCA0022EA
4
Photosensor amplifier
C2719
I Precaution for use
G When an external power supply is used for C2719, voltage is supplied regardless of whether the power switch of C2719 is on or off. Use the power switch of the external power supply to turn voltage on and off. G There are photodiodes whose cathode is connected to the metal package. To connect the cathode of such a photodiode to C2719, be sure to hold the photodiode with insulator as shown in Figure 12. The signal current cannot be obtained if the photodiode package is grounded. G Avoid using C2719 in locations subjected to excessive vibrations. If unavoidable, use a low-noise coaxial cable as the signal input cable. G In low-light-level detection circuits, insulation resistance of the circuit board and other insulation materials can affect measurement accuracy. Avoid humidity and soiling. G Noise increases when the input capacitance becomes larger, so keep the input coaxial cable as short as possible. G Remove the batteries when C2719 is not to be used for a long period. G An input protection circuit is incorporated, but even so, do not apply more than 100 V. G For external power supply, use a regulated DC power supply with a ripple of less than 3 mVp-p. Make sure that the supply voltage does not exceed 15 V even momentarily. Avoid using a switching power supply, as this can
K A TO C2719
Figure 12 Connection to photodiode whose cathode is connected to metal package
INSULATOR LIGHT
cause noise problems during measurement.
PHOTODIODE PACKAGE
METAL CASE
KACCC0035EA
Photosensor amplifier C6386
Hamamatsu also provides C6386 high-speed photosensor amplifier that incorporates a photodiode at the installation port of the optical fiber (1 meter long).
Features
Built-in photodiode allows easy detection of light just by connecting to a voltmeter. l Optical fiber light input Measures light at a narrow detection point. Separating the amplifier from the detection point allows measurement in unusual environments and improves S/N. l High-speed response l Three sensitivity ranges
l Easy handling
Range H M L
Photocurrent Cut-off frequency detection sensitivity # 10 V/A 1 MHz " 10 V/A 3 MHz 10!V/A 10 MHz
5
PHOTODIODE
Si photodiode
S2281 series
Si photodiode with BNC connector
S2281 series photodiodes are sealed in a metal package with a BNC connector and designed to simply connect to C2719 photosensor amplifier (S2281-01 has a large terminal capacitance which may cause a gain peaking to occur when C2719 is used with the gain set to the "M" range.) Two different spectral response ranges are provided. The large active area makes S2281 series suitable for optical power meters. A variant type S9219 with a visual compensation filter is also available.Hamamatsu also provides E2573 BNC-BNC coaxial cable (length: 1 m) as an option.
I G e ne ra l ra ting s
P a ra m e te r A c tive a re a s iz e A c tive a re a P ackage W in d o w m a te ria l
S2281 f1 1 .3 100
S 2 2 8 1 -0 1 f1 1 .3 100 M e ta l w ith B N C c o n n e c to r Q u a rtz g la s s
S 2 2 8 1 -0 4 f7 .9 8 50
U n it mm 2 mm -
n Absolute maximum ratings
P a ra m e te r R e v e rs e vo lta g e O p e ra tin g te m p e ra tu re S to ra g e te m p e ra tu re S ym bol V R M a x. Topr T s tg S2281 S 2 2 8 1 -0 1 5 -1 0 to + 6 0 -2 0 to + 7 0 S 2 2 8 1 -0 4 U n it V C C
I E le c tric a l an d o ptic a l c ha ra c teris tic s (T a = 25 C , u nles s oth erw is e n ote d)
P a ra m e te r S p e c tra l re s p o n s e ra n g e P e a k s e n s itivity w a ve le n g th P h o to s e n s itivity S h o rt c irc u it c u rre n t D a rk c u rre n t Shunt re s is ta n c e R is e tim e T e rm in a l c a p a c ita n c e Noise equivalent power Symbol l lp S Is c ID Rsh tr Ct NEP l=200 nm l=lp 1 0 0 lx VR=10 m V VR=10 m V VR=0 V R L= 1 k W VR=0 V f= 1 0 k H z C o n d itio n M in . 0 .1 0 64 20 S2281 T yp . 1 9 0 to 1100 960 0 .1 2 0 .5 80 50 200 3 1300
2.010-14
M a x. 500 -
M in . 0 .1 0 32 30 -
S 2 2 8 1 -0 1 T yp . M a x. 1 9 0 to 1000 720 0 .1 2 0 .3 6 40 6 1700 7 3200
8.610-15
M in . 0 .1 0 32 20 -
S 2 2 8 1 -0 4 T yp . M a x. 1 9 0 to 1100 960 0 .1 2 0 .5 40 50 200 3 1300
1.810-14
U n it nm nm A /W A pA MW s pF W /H z
1 /2
300 -
500 -
I Spectral response
0.7 (Typ. Ta =25 C) 0.6
I Dimensional outline (unit: mm)
S2281,S2281-01
S2281/-04
S2281-04 25.0 0.1 17.5 0.1 7.98 ACTIVE AREA (50 mm2)
5.0 0.2
10.0 0.1
16.0 - 0.1
PHOTO SENSITIVITY (A/W)
17.5 0.1
0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 S2281-01
11.3 ACTIVE AREA (100 mm2)
GLASS WINDOW
(
1000
KSPDB0090EA
BNC : UG-625B/U CORE: CATHODE CASE: ANODE
)
KSPDA0080EA
190
400
600
800
WAVELENGTH (nm)
Information furnished by HAMAMATSU is believed to be reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed for possible inaccuracies or omissions. Specifications are subject to change without notice. No patent rights are granted to any of the circuits described herein. (c)2003 Hamamatsu Photonics K.K.
HAMAMATSU PHOTONICS K.K., Solid State Division 1126-1 Ichino-cho, Hamamatsu City, 435-8558 Japan, Telephone: (81) 053-434-3311, Fax: (81) 053-434-5184, http://www.hamamatsu.com
U.S.A.: Hamamatsu Corporation: 360 Foothill Road, P.O.Box 6910, Bridgewater, N.J. 08807-0910, U.S.A., Telephone: (1) 908-231-0960, Fax: (1) 908-231-1218 Germany: Hamamatsu Photonics Deutschland GmbH: Arzbergerstr. 10, D-82211 Herrsching am Ammersee, Germany, Telephone: (49) 08152-3750, Fax: (49) 08152-2658 France: Hamamatsu Photonics France S.A.R.L.: 8, Rue du Saule Trapu, Parc du Moulin de Massy, 91882 Massy Cedex, France, Telephone: 33-(1) 69 53 71 00, Fax: 33-(1) 69 53 71 10 United Kingdom: Hamamatsu Photonics UK Limited: 2 Howard Court, 10 Tewin Road, Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire AL7 1BW, United Kingdom, Telephone: (44) 1707-294888, Fax: (44) 1707-325777 North Europe: Hamamatsu Photonics Norden AB: Smidesvagen 12, SE-171 41 Solna, Sweden, Telephone: (46) 8-509-031-00, Fax: (46) 8-509-031-01 Italy: Hamamatsu Photonics Italia S.R.L.: Strada della Moia, 1/E, 20020 Arese, (Milano), Italy, Telephone: (39) 02-935-81-733, Fax: (39) 02-935-81-741
6
Cat. No. KACC1011E05 Feb. 2003 DN
+0
0.5
25.0 0.1

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